The Case of Shylock vs. Antonio in The Merchant of Venice

Case Shylock vs. Antonio in The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeares tragic comedy The Merchant of Venice is recognized for the complex concepts that it puts across, considering that it relates to a wide range of fields. The English poet and playwright is also known to have incorporated a great deal of concepts into his plays with the purpose of appealing to an educated public. The Merchant of Venice is clearly legal in nature, considering the numerous law references present in the text. It is very likely that the play generated much controversy among law scholars from around the world. The dispute between Shylock and Antonio represents one of the most intriguing sections of the play and it certainly stands as an interesting legal case. While Shakespeare proposes arbitration as one of the most effective methods of resolving the conflict, it is probable that negotiation would have generated better results when considering matters from a logical point of view. The character of Shylock is certainly not one of the fairest individuals, but he considers that contracts are one of the most important factors assisting society in being organized. The fact that he is a Jew makes it difficult for him to conduct his daily activities without being persecuted and he is determined to have his oppressors pay for what they do. Although one might be inclined to believe that he takes things too far by asking for a pound of Antonios flesh as payback providing that he is unable toShow MoreRelated Essay on Justice vs. Morality in Measure for Measure and Merchant of Venice1107 Words   |  5 PagesJustice vs. Morality in Measure for Measure and Merchant of Venice    There are many similarities shared between Shakespeares plays, Measure for Measure, and The Merchant of Venice.   The underlying theme of each work is well defined by the phrase Justice without the temperance of mercy, is power misused.   I will support this claim by drawing upon some of the characters and situations that are consistent in each story. In each story a mans life depends on the interpretation, andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Merchant Of Venice899 Words   |  4 Pagesstudying the main characters from Beowulf, Sir Gawain and The Merchant of Venice. Together, these different elements will show the long-term influences of compassion and how all three individuals are embracing its important attributes to varying degrees. Beowulf vs. Sir Gawain vs. The Merchant of Venice The three characters that will be examined include: Beowulf, Sir Gawain and Shylock. In the case of Beowulf, he was the ultimate hero who embraces the ideals ofRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Apperance vs Reality1967 Words   |  8 PagesJasdeep Bains Mrs. Valdez ENG2D1-05 Wednesday May 28, 2008 Appearance Vs Reality in Merchant Of Venice This theme of Appearance Vs. Reality is used throughout the play to mislead and confuse so things may not always be what they seem. Shakespeare uses deception to enhance the unfolding drama and involve his audience more fully in the play – the audience are party to deceptions which the characters themselves are unaware of. Prejudice was common and the word â€Å"Jew† applied to hardhearted unscrupulousRead More Appearance vs. Reality in Merchant Of Venice Essay1949 Words   |  8 PagesThe theme of Appearance Vs. Reality is used throughout the play to mislead and confuse so things may not always be what they seem. Shakespeare uses deception to enhance the unfolding drama and involve his audience more fully in the play – the audience are party to deceptions which the characters themselves are unaware of. Prejudice was common and the word â€Å"Jew† applied to hardhearted unscrupulous moneylenders. An Elizabethan audience would have been happy to see a Jew, Spaniard or a Moor deceived

In Vitro Meat - 1102 Words

Will you be their voice? Lloyd biggle Jr. once stated â€Å"Life is life’s greatest gift. Guard the life of another creature as you would your own, because it is your own. On life’s scale of values, the smallest is no less precious to the creature who owns it than the largest.† Think about what that quote means. Is any persons’ life more important than that of an animal? Would you be willing to speak up for them? Are you up for the challenge? You might not be, but we shall see if I can change your mind after reading this. Humans have long used animals for a variety of purposes. For hundreds of thousands of years, people have hunted for food and clothing. Between 10,000 and 18,000 years ago, humans began to domesticate animals such as dogs,†¦show more content†¦those are the animals that need a voice. Those are the animals that gave their all to their owners and got nothing but meanness back. These are the animals that should be stood up for, loved, and taken care of in the most humane way possible. The concept that animals have rights is relatively new. The first animal-protection law in western civilization was adopted in 1641 by the Massachusetts Bay Colony. This law made it illegal to exercise any Tyranny or Cruelties towards any brute Creature which are usually kept for mans use. However, the rest of the western world continued as before. Indeed, during most of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many experiments were conducted using living animals. This was largely because of the n ew idea that scientific conclusions had to be based on observable facts and because the dissection of human bodies and the use of living people in medical experiments were illegal. In 1789, the English philosopher Jeremy Bentham became the first to say that animals have rights. According to Bentham, animals suffer pain just as humans and thus deserve the same freedom from pain. The animal welfare act was signed into law in 1996. It is the only federal law in the united states that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. By definition animal rights are rights believed to belong to animals to live free from use in medical research,Show MoreRelatedIn Vitro Meat2323 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Make Environmental Footprints Smaller by Investing in â€Å"Meat without Feet† With recent news in medicine being that The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 2010 was awarded to Robert G. Edwards, some believe that in vitro fertilization and stem cell research is reserved to humans. According to The Official Web Site of The Nobel Prize, Robert G. Edwards won the award due to his creation and advancements with in vitro fertilization, which now allows infertile couples to be able to conceive. ThisRead MoreIs Meat Becoming Part Of The Human Diet?914 Words   |  4 PagesLab created meat becoming part of the human diet. Do you know what the meat of your delicious burger is made of? What you may think is beef in your burger may actually be what scientist call â€Å"In Vitro Meat† the meat produced by strips of muscle fiber from an animal. Each year lab created meat is growing its possibility of one day replacing actual beef, and chicken with vitro meat. This meat can become the next big thing because lab meat will get popular and eventually the mass population will wantRead MoreIs Meat Consumption For The Simplest Daily Activities And Bodily Functions?1683 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout history and even dating up to today have relied on meat consumption for the simplest daily activities and bodily functions. In fact, Harvard University anthropology professor and researcher claims, â€Å"The story of evolution is one that is intimately tied to meat. From the earliest stages of life, people relied on meat to get energy, which allowed them â€Å"to become physically, anatomically, human† (R. Wrangham). 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He is due to finish his synthesis in another month. No, he is not a mad scientist bioengineering the next viral outbreak; he is growing a sirloin steak that will be on someone’s dinner table in a few more weeks. The scientist in that illustration is making something called in vitro meatRead MoreInterim Report for Engineering Ethics and Emerging Technologies1275 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction into the society. In Vitro Meat In vitro or lab-grown meat is animal flesh, except it never was part of a living animal. Initially researched by NASA for use on long space voyages, it uses â€Å"stem cells harvested from leftover animal material from slaughterhouses, fed with all other nutrients they need to grow in the right way.† (Kelland, 2011) Scientists claim in vitro meat as â€Å"slaughter-free meat that is healthier and free from animal to human disease. The meat could also be grown duringRead MoreSynthetic Meat As A Controversial Topic1119 Words   |  5 Pagesis synthetic meat. Over the years, synthetic meat is a serious topic up for discussion. This discussion is divided because of the moral aspect involved. Research and studies on synthetic meat reveal that it is the proper and necessary in order to maintain the supply and demand required for the expanding population. The idea of synthetic meat is a controversial topic because it is not known to be morally right. While some might say that it is morally incorrect, but with synthetic meat the world willRead MoreEmbryonic Research: A Battle of Fallacies Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagescounter this widespread problem, we develop reproductive choices. One of the most important choices is in vitro fertilization. Even though this method significantly increases pregnancy rate in infertile women, it comes with the problem. Underlying in vitro fertilization is research on living human embryos. We need to research on countless living embryos in order to develop clinical in vitro fertilization. This stirs public attention on its morality. Society asks: Are we killing thousands of humanRead MoreShould Humans Consume Insects As An Alternate Source Of Food? Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmentally safe way as possible such as GMO foods and in vitro meats. History of Insects as Food Insects is not as unknown to the human diet as you think; people have been eating insects for centuries, but as Western civilization developed into a rich and prosperous country the ideology about unclean and unpalatable food spread through Western society making people choose only the â€Å"good† food. In the past insects have overtaken the meat economy; in fact, when insects are in season they immenselyRead MoreEmbryonic Research1080 Words   |  5 Pages Many women are eager to become a mother, but infertility prevents some women from satisfying this need. However, modern biotechnologies combined with changed norms of culture now provide them reproductive choices such as in vitro fertilization. In order to develop these reproductive choices, we need to research on living human embryo. Because its procedures terminate the life of embryo, embryonic research stirs up public attention on its morality. Society questions if these methods are morally

Audit and Assurance Essentials

Question: Discuss about the Audit and Assurance Essentials. Answer: Introduction: Auditing is part of the managing an organization, it is describe as the official examination and verification of the financial records of an organization, this examination is to ensure that the financial statement presented shows true and fair view of the company performance. Auditing is conducted in order to detect errors and frauds which might limit the performance of the organization as well as to avoid factors which might hinder audit process. According to Thomas Browne, auditing is dynamic in nature errors according to him kept on changing, this was supported by E.S. Merton who once summarized the science view of E.S. Merton. The main purpose of auditing is to obtain the truth about a particular subject, Thomas Browne uses three determinant to obtain the truth. Authority from the past authors represents previous independent auditors who performed audit procedures in a firm. The acts of reasoning, as well as empirical experience, form his part while relating his experience with auditing(Elder, Beasley, Arens, 2011). Accounting, on the other hand, is defined to be the systemic process of identifying, recording, measuring, classifying, interpreting and communicating the financial information in a firm. Thomas Browne science indicated a procedural process of accounting(Waldron M. , 2016). The mistake which was detected during his age believed to be procedural and that they originated from the mistake done by the previous accountants. Authority would be embrace to be an essential element of errors and other mistakes performed during accounting process. E.S. Merton summarized the research conducted by Thomas Browne in relation to accounting. The accounting information may be manipulated or otherwise may not be well represented because of lack of competency, during their age accounting process were conducted manually and this could be born from many factors which includes lack of competency with the accounting filed(Porter, Simon, Hatherly, 2014). Accounting and auditing are the related strategic management approached which are reflected to be essential to any departments and organization. They act as the pillars of determining the success of the organization(Simnett, Zhou, Hoang, 2016). Trust and Auditing Trust takes years to build, seconds to break, and forever to fix, this statement reflects how the organization management, suppliers, customers and subordinates interacts in a business organization. Auditing is defined to be the independent examination of business financial records, this independent examination is to evaluate whether the financial statements of the business enterprise show a true and fair view of the firm performance. Auditing is an essential factor which defined how individuals interact in an organization(BAYSHAW, 2012). Trust between the business stakeholders in an organization takes a longer time to be built. Auditing process requires the management to implement on an essential measure which defined how people interact in an organization. Good and noble interaction between subordinates from a different department in an organization strives towards establishing a strong trust between themselves(Boynton Johnson , 2006). Apparently, a trust could be altered by shareholders as well as other stakeholders in an organization. When an adversity of trust is detected by the management, stakeholders or any stakeholder fixing will be forever, this implies that when trust is built and broken it will last for a longer time. Internal control system are considered to be the appropriate measure which should be well used when developing a coherent trust between the auditors, management and other stakeholders(Elbardan, 2016). The internal control system should be well embraced by the auditors in order to settle the deviations which are experience in the company as a result of lack of trust between the stakeholders and the management. During the process of developing trust, the auditors and the management should take into consideration the moral principles and guidelines which govern the operations of the company. Reliability Reliability is one of the factors which should be used by the management and auditors to build broken trust and fix it adversities, it implies the provision of reliable information which will be used while making an opinion which will be used during the audit report. Trust between the organization and shareholders is created managers provide the reliable information which is professionally presented in order to make the conclusive decision which will determine the operation of the company(Hayes, Wallage, Gortemaker, 2014). Credibility Credibility is a fundamental factor which determines the affiliation between external, auditors and management in a business enterprise. Credibility is an important factor that is focusing towards addressing the emotional effects which might arise between the shareholders and the management, the professionalism knowledge and experience between management and auditors act as the pillars of credibility between managers and auditors in an enterprise(Kend, Houghton, Jubb, 2014). Martin Shkreli Martin Shkreli is an America entrepreneur and pharmaceutical executive, he is one of the pioneers of hedge founder of MSMB Capital Management, and he is also the former chief executive officer of biotechnology firm call the Retrophin. Martin Shreli is known for his determination as an entrepreneur. His courage has led to his success in the business world. Martin Shkreli is also the founder and former CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals. His leadership in business organization has been observed to be the exceptional and substantial it embraces the achievement of the strategic goals and objectives. Martin Shkreli has exceptional leadership skill which has been his pillar of becoming one of the world billionaires. He was arrested by the American FBI for after being indicated to be part of the federal charges of security frauds in America. According to the investigation done FBI, Martin and his corporation have manipulated and hinder with their financial performance, this was to allow him to increase the companies earning(Kend, Houghton, Jubb, 2014). Martin Shkreli has focused in embracing shareholders concern by producing quality products. According to his report on the pharmaceutical corporation, his deliberation is to do the correct and right thing to the stakeholders of the company. Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln use is well known for motivational quotes which are used to inspire people lives. Abraham Lincoln speaks about 10 hours of sharpening the axe and 8 hours of chopping down a tree. 10 hours of sharpening represent the longer time of preparation of auditing while 8 hours presents the shortest time that could be taken to complete audit tasks. However, his quote represents the importance of planning and understanding the level of the task that is going to be undertaken. The process of sharpening the axe replicates the essential procedures which are installed by both the management and auditors in order to complete the audit process(Lincoln, 2007). Managers and auditors have to take their time to restructure approaches which should be used while conducting audit process in an organization. Managers have to consistently play their role by ensuring that they prepare their financial records in accordance with the acceptable guidelines with the purpose of creating smooth time during the audit process. The company department should be well informed about the audit process as well as the exact time in order to prepare well for the auditing. It is the role of the management to early communicate about the auditing dates ad time, this will allow the entire organization to prepare for the auditing which will be conducted by the auditors(Leung, Coram, Cooper, 2007). Auditors and managers are the key stakeholders who plays a crucial role to determine how fast they can complete the audit tasks, their mandate is to implement on the substantial audit procedures which will be used during auditing. The internal control systems to be sued by the auditor should be well explained to the company management as well as to the general staff, this will allow the auditors to use less time while performing the audit process. The measure should embrace by the auditor to the management in order to allow them to educate their staff about auditing as well as its importance to the company operations(Lincoln, 2007). Generally, Abraham Lincoln has used his quote to embrace the essence of auditing as well as its related aspects. His quote is used to embrace the importance of early preparation as well as understanding substantial audit procedure which is relevant to the organization. He has explained the mandate of management and auditors during the auditing process. The obligation of the management to ensure that they have prepared their financial records in accordance with the acceptable principles, this will give the auditors less time while examining and evaluating the financial record(Messier, 2016). On the other hand, auditors have to explain the audit procedures and their importance to the management, this will allow the management to be familiar with the audit process, and thus allow the auditors to spend less time during the auditing. References BAYSHAW, K. (2012). Audit and assurance essentials. Boynton, W. C., Johnson , R. N. (2006). Modern auditing: Assurance services and the integrity of financial reporting. Wiley. Elbardan, H. (2016). ERP systems introduction and internal auditing legitimacy: An institutional analysis. Information Systems Management. Elder, R. J., Beasley, M. S., Arens, A. A. (2011). Auditing and Assurance services. Pearson Higher Ed. Hayes, R., Wallage, P., Gortemaker, H. (2014). Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Kend, M., Houghton, K., Jubb, C. (2014). Competition issues in the market for audit and assurance services: are the concerns justified?. Australian Accounting Review. Leung, P., Coram, P., Cooper, B. (2007). Modern auditing assurance services. John Wiley Sons Australia. Lincoln, A. (2007). Abraham Lincoln Quotes .ThinkExist. Available from https://thinkexist. com/quotes/abraham_lincoln/. Internet. Retrieved from https://thinkexist. com/quotes/abraham_lincoln/. Internet Messier, W. J. (2016). Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Porter, B., Simon, J., Hatherly, D. (2014). Principles of external auditing. John Wiley Sons. Simnett, R., Zhou, S., Hoang, H. (2016). Assurance and Other Credibility Enhancing Mechanisms for Integrated Reporting. In Integrated Reporting. Palgrave Macmillan UK. Waldron, M. (2016). The Future of Audit. CFA Institute Magazine (Vol. 3).

Shakespeare Coursework Essay Example

Shakespeare Coursework Essay Compare and contrast the roles of the Nurse and Friar Lawrence in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet in the following ways:* Consider their contribution to the plot* Select short sections from the play involving these two characters for close study, showing appreciation of dramatic structure and stagecraft* Analyse what they tell us about Elizabethan societyThis essay will focus on the Nurse and Friar Lawrence, and how their actions and opinions affected Romeo and Juliet.From the outset of the play the prologue dooms them both by stating their death-marked love. This makes the part of the Friar and the Nurse in their deaths unclear, as we do not know whether the star-crossed lovers would have died without them intervening on their behalf since it was written in the stars. As well as this, it also describes that the consequences of their actions bury their parents strife giving a twist to the plot which, if the observer was removed from the emotional aspects of the play, could find balanced out the tragedy with a greater good.Romeo and Juliet are the children of two wealthy families in Verona, the Montagues and the Capulets. Friar Lawrence and the Nurse are both lower down the social scale than Romeo and Juliet but act as confidants and close friends to them both, the Friar being a spiritual adviser as well. Romeo and Juliet depend on them both and treat them as extended family. In this way they value their advice and have very strong bonds between them. Although the guidance given by both the Nurse and Friar is valued equally, the actual opinion of each character may differ greatly.The Nurse is an out-going character who has wet-nursed and cared for Juliet since she was a baby and, due to the detached supervision of her own mother, Juliet is more likely to turn to the Nurse for advice and guidance.The Nurse is very affectionate towards Juliet, and dotes on her as her own child. In this way, she wants the best for Juliet and gives her the best possible advice according to her beliefs. Unfortunately, since she lacks the greater wisdom of other characters, her guidance is sometimes flawed and she is easily swayed by other characters conflicting opinions.The class boundary between Juliet and the Nurse is easily apparent whenever she talks, probably due to her lack of education. Her language is colloquial and repetitive and often full of irrelevancies. The coarseness and vulgarity with which she talks to Juliet is also apparent, and she does not refrain from talking about sex in her company.I am the drudge, and toil in your delight.But you shall bear the burden soon at night Act 2 Scene 5Her extroverted nature does not lend itself to caution, and the only moment of prudence on the part of the Nurse is when she warns Romeo that he must take the relationship seriously or not at all.If ye should lead her in a fools paradise, as they say, it were a very gross kind of behaviour- Act 2 Scene 4For all the care and attention Juliet is given, the N urse relishes in teasing Juliet, for example the Nurse goes out to meet Romeo and ask him whether he would marry Juliet, she delays telling her the news for as long as possible. When she finally tells Juliet what he said, she seems more concerned about his appearance than his personality.Though his face be better than any mans, yethis leg excels all mens; and for a hand, and afoot, and a body, though they be not to be talkedon, yet they are past compare. Act 2 Scene 5It is this flaw, taking objects, situations and people at face value that leads her to hurt Juliet later in the play when she is confronted with the dilemma of obeying her father and marring Paris but betraying Romeo. She refuses her fathers offer and he then directs violent abuse at her. Juliet looks towards the Nurse for comfort saying What sayest thou, hast thou no word of joy?, but is astonished and distressed by her seemingly unfeeling attitude towards her. She does not seem to take into account Juliets loyalty an d intensity of feeling for Romeo, and instead contradicts her previous praise towards him.I think it is best you married with the County.O hes a lovely gentleman.Romeos a dishclout to him Act 3 Scene 5In these lines, dishclout is used as a derogatory metaphor. It is also used earlier in the play when she speaks to Romeo. She informs him that Juliet looks as pale as any clout in the versal world when she suggests that Paris is the properer.This is the last point in the play at which the Nurse has a part, and the next time she is seen, it is following discovery of Juliets dead body the morning after taking the Friars potion. This acts in a strange way as a reprisal for her betrayal of Juliet the night before.Although it may be taken in this fashion, the view could be taken that the Nurse was only looking after Juliets best interests and made a few vain attempts at helping protect Juliet from her parents anger.Nurse: You are to blame my lord to rate her so.Capulet: And why, my lady wi sdom? Hold your tongue.Good prudence, smatter with your gossips, go. Act 3 Scene 5The Nurse tries to defend Juliet, but is shouted down by Capulet who complains of Juliets ingratitude. Thus, the reason for her complete reversal of opinion may have been that she saw no way around what Capulet had decreed. The Nurse, in a spate of insight may have considered between Juliets life after running away with Romeo with no money, status, or shelter and her life if she married Paris a rich, highly influential, and well kept lifestyle. The latter would have been theoretically better but without Romeo, it is fatally flawed.The Friars approach to life is altogether different than the Nurses. He is at first portrayed as a wise and contemplative character who is helpful and well-meaning. He philosophises upon many things and often uses plants and nature as a focal point for his ideas. One of his core beliefs is that everything has a potential for good and bad, and that this holds with people a s well. He gives an example of a plant in his garden, whose flower has a pleasant smell and makes you feel good, but eating it would kill you.Within the infant rind of this weak flowerPoison hath residence, and medicine power;For this being smelt with that part cheers each part;Being tasted, stays all senses with the heart. Act 2 Scene 3In the same scene, Romeo confesses to the Friar that he has broken up with Rosaline, to which the Friar replies Thats my good son. This implies that the Friar thought that Romeo was too young and when Romeo explains he has found someone else, he is very suspicious of its nature and suspects it is because beauty only. This could be explained as wise or simply pessimistic, depending on the point of view.Young mens love then liesNot truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. Act 2 Scene 3The Friar has a special friendship with Romeo, but unlike the Nurse, has no contact with his parents removing him from many of the obligations the Nurse undertakes. H e is partly a father figure for Romeo and seems content to listen patiently to him. Romeo has no hesitations about confiding in him and happily tells the Friar about Juliet and his passion for her.At that time, early marriage was the done thing and so Friar Lawrence has no qualms about marrying them after considering the implications of a marriage between the two lovers a peace between the two houses.For this alliance may so happy prove,To turn your households rancour to pure love Act 2 Scene 3One of the Friars quotes Wisely and slow, they stumble that run fast. Has a large implication on the rest of his actions. He fails to follow his own advice, and later in the play makes rash decisions leading his to need to rush about to fix them, and in doing so, fail thus leading to Romeo and Juliets death.The proceeding actions of the Friar and the Nurse do nothing to slow down the marriage of Romeo and Juliet, who are married by the Friar, quickly and secretly.When Romeo is banished, th e Friar can only philosophise about his predicament. This is entirely ineffectual and causes Romeo to become maddened to the point where he threatens to stab himself. This is a point in the play where the Friar has the least control over the situation and the Nurse takes the initiative by restraining Romeo and snatching away the dagger. Even after this, the Friar still seems unable to comprehend the grief Romeo feels and tells him to act sensibly.Hold thy desperate hand.Art thou a man? Thy form cries out thou art.Thy tears are womanish, thy wild acts denoteThe unreasonable fury of a beast.Unseemly woman in a seeming man.This is entirely inappropriate as Romeos actions can be justified by the situation he is in. The Friar continues to look at the wider picture and tells Romeo that by killing himself, he would kill Juliet too, and by such an action he would sin against his own personality and the love he shares with Juliet. He explains to Romeo that he has had great fortune in being a ble to stay alive, but deep down knows the reality of the situation and cannot expect Romeo to change his point of view.A point in the play where events could have been drastically changed is at this particular time. Both the Nurse and Friar Lawrence neglect to inform either the Capulets or the Montagues, whose acknowledgement of the situation may have stopped the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, but may not have brought the houses together as fully.Instead, the Friar starts on a desperate scheme in order to stop Juliet from killing herself and makes a rash decision to give her a drug that will make it look as though she is dead.Due to the complexity of the Friars plan, there is no backup scheme that can be used in the event of a failure. In order for it to work, each link in the plan must work flawlessly which it does until only a seemingly small detail the delivery of a letter to Romeo explaining what has been done it unaccomplished due to a plague to the city. This throws all of th e subsequent events into disarray and the Friar panics. His an example of his contradictory beliefs are shown when he is hurrying towards the vault where Juliet is lying, in order to warn Romeo that she is not actually dead.Saint Francis be my speed. How oft tonightHave my old feet stumbled at graves.In his haste to get to the vault, he trips and stumbles reminding us of what he said at the start of the play They stumble that run fast. His calm attitude towards the situation has not prevailed and he has wasted time. As well as this, the Friar ends by blaming the stars for the tradegy that occurred.When the Friar attempts to convince Juliet to leave the vault as he has heard a voice, he blames the problem not on his (or anyone elses) actions, but on a higher power.A greater power than we can contradictHas thwarted our intents.When confronted with the Prince and other characters at the end, he admits involvement even though he feared being punished. The Friar explains the sequence o f events that led to the tragedy and, in telling the truth, discloses the Nurses involvement.He is believed because of his status as a holy man and offers his life as a penance for his fault.This is interesting and shows part of the Friars character not seen before. He may have offered his life honestly, and accepted that he would have to pay with his life. On the other hand, he uses the words let my old life be sacrificed some hour before his time which make the death sentence seem cruel as he is old and killing him would not be much of a forfeit for him.Although the Nurse and Friar are not the main characters in the play, they influence the story greatly and act as vehicles for the plot. While other character respond and deal with the events that happen, the Nurse and the Friar make situations and are the doers, preferring to alter the circumstances they are in to their own (if slightly misjudged) ends, rather than adapt round them.A pivotal moment in the play is when the Friar de cides to give Juliet the potion that will make look as if she is dead. We know that his beliefs are that plants, like people, have both good and bad properties. In this way, we can look at the potion in two ways it was used for good and helped Juliet, or it was abused, and led to her death. Juliet had begged the Friar to help her and was determined to kill herself rather than be married to Paris. Because she was prepared to face death, Friar Lawrence gives her the potion as a means of getting out of it alive. The fact that due to other circumstances she died after taking the potion is not significant when she would have killed herself anyway the potion just allowed her to put it off.Both the Nurse and Friar are actively responsible for bringing the lovers together and helping their relationship progress. It is the nurse who identifies Romeo at the banquet and it is she who acts as the messenger between the two, helping with the arrangement of their marriage. She is also responsibl e for assembling a rope ladder that allows Romeo to sleep with Juliet the night after their marriage.The Friar also facilitates the relationship by secretly marrying them and then arranging Romeos night with Juliet. After Romeo is banished, he offers a last chance plan that gives Juliet hope that she will be alright.Both let the lover down in their own ways the Nurse by being less educated, becomes less useful to Juliet as the problems increase and cannot see how the problems can be solved after Juliets arranged marriage. The Friar, while meaning well, forgets his own guidance, and in a hurry to complete his plan stumbles.The Nurse and Friar are both very close to Romeo and Juliet, and reveal their secret thoughts and feelings.Due to the nature of a play, actors must not just say the lines as if reading them aloud, but insert exaggeration, pauses, and gestures so that the audience can feel that what they are seeing is as real as possible.In Act 2 Scene 3 The Friar is visible in hi s small garden outside his cell. The lighting will simulate dawn and will illuminate the various herbs and flowers growing nearby. The opening line, The grey-eyed morn smiles on the frowning night is said as the stage has no narrator, and so a time of day must be set by speech and lighting. The Friar should be wearing robes and other priestly garments, modestly decorated so as to convey a humble character. As he unhurriedly collects herbs into a wicker basket, he should be saying his lines with an air of reflection and calmness, occasionally looking closely at a specimen before placing it in his basket. When Romeo arrives he should run quickly in and look around for the Friar, before seeing him and walking over excitedly. He should wear ordinary period costume and look slightly unkempt.The Friar should notice Romeos presence and look unfazed but enquire with moderate interest why he has woken so early. With a small smile, he should suggest that Romeo hath not been in bed tonight.Whe n explains where he has been, he should do so enthusiastically and with a far-away look in his eyes, so that the audience sees he is remembering something. As he explains that he has fallen in love with Juliet he should gesture and jump round the Friar as if making sure he has heard him.While Romeo is telling him this, the Friar should stop picking after hearing that he loves a Capulet and when finished stand slowly and say with a chiding tone that Romeo used to be in love with Rosaline.While walking slowly towards another part of the garden, Romeo should be jumping about excitedly beside him, questioning his reason for not being happy for him. Then, as he nears the stage sides he should stop and look considerately at Romeo while talking half to himself and then , as he begins walking again say But come young waverer, come with me... When he says For this alliance he should pause thoughtfully before finishing his sentence and as Romeo realises that the Friar will help him he should be very exited. Then, the Friar should turn towards him and say meaningfully Wisely and slow, they stumble that run fast. Before the lights dim and the act ends.In Act 5 scene 3 Lines 147-159 The Friar is with Juliet when she wakes up in the vault. The lighting should be a small spotlight illuminating a marble platform with Juliets body on top. Romeo should be lying by the side dead, and Paris should be just visible on another nearby plinth. The Friar should hold a small lantern that illuminates Juliets face, and other gothic fixtures may be present such as dark stone pillars and cobwebs showing that they are inside a dry, dusty, vault and that it has lay unkempt for decades. Juliet should be wearing her burial clothes and have a shroud over her body.When she rises, she should do so very slowly and deliberately, as if waking from a long sleep. When she sees the Friar she should appear contented with his presence and slightly lethargic when talking to him. The Friar should appear slightly distraught, but keep an anxious face and body language.When he hears the noise, he should look very keen to leave and glance towards the exit, while avoiding Juliets questions. Juliet should become slowly aware of the Friars mood and begin to look worried when she senses that all is not well.The Friar should tell Juliet of Romeos death with little apparent feeling, while all the time, keep glancing towards the exit. His offhand remark about disposing of her should be greeted by a look of horror on Juliets face, and she should shrink away from him as he continues on.When he sees that she will not come, he should mutters about not being able to stay any longer and quickly hurries off, looking back and seeming tormented by the two priorities of saving Juliet, and saving himself.The Friar serves as a religious symbol throughout the play, and represents the Roman Catholic Church.This sense of heightened religion gives the relationship a stronger power and is a reminder that othe r powers such as God control us.The Nurse, on the other hand, acts as light relief and emphasises the baser instincts and sensual nature of the relationship through her humour.The Friar and Nurse provide an insight into the Elizabethan society in which William Shakespeare lived. The relationship between Juliet and her Nurse would have been a common one for many rich families in that period. The arranged marriage of Juliet and Count Paris arranged by her father would have also been common in the families of the Elizabethan period due to the differences between each class of society a rich and high status family would marry their children into a similar family.The cold humour that the Friar talked of when discussing his potion was part of the limited medical knowledge at that time. Humours, as they were called, were four different substances that were made inside the body. When food was eaten, it was converted into four liquids by the liver blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bil e. They were all associated with different behaviours sanguine; hopeful, courageous and amorous phlegmatic; cool, apathetic and sluggish choleric; angry and easily annoyed and melancholic; depressed and in low mood respectively. Usually the humours were in balance with each other and behaviour was sensible, but if there was an imbalance in the humours, people would become one of the above.I think that the role of the Nurse and Friar in the tragedy is small, but the compound effect of many characters mistakes caused the deaths of the two lovers. For example Romeo and Juliet both took decisions which led to their deaths, but this is only part of the story. They behaved as they did because of the situation they found themselves in and because of the way in which people treated them. There is almost none in the play who does not bear some responsibility for their deaths even the Prince could be accused; if he had been more forceful with his actions against the feuding families, the fight between Mercutio and Tybalt would not have happened. Romeo would not have killed Tybalt and therefore not been punished, bypassing the need for Friar Lawrences complicated plan and avoiding the tragedy.The role of fate in the play is something that could be discussed in great detail. Was it just coincidence that Capulet should send out the invitations to the feast using a messenger who could not read, just at the moment when he will meet Romeo and so ask him to read the list for him. Also, it is strange that at a crowded party, where there are many attractive young girls, Romeo should see Juliet.There is only one point in the entire play where a character is mildly more to blame than any other the Friar leaves Juliet by herself in the tomb, with Romeo and Paris both dead nearby. This is when she takes her own life, if the Friar had stayed longer, or forced her to come with him, she may have lived. Although this is akin to saying if Romeo had not drunk the poison, he would no t have died, so my argument is flawed.I think that the Nurse and Friar are to blame, but just as much as other characters who interacted with Romeo and Juliet. If any one thing is to be blamed it is the stars.